Transmisión vertical de Toxoplasma gondii asociado a la edad gestacional
Resumen
Una de las principales consecuencias de la infección por Toxoplasma gondii en mujeres embarazadas es la transmisión vertical al feto. Aunque es poco frecuente, la toxoplasmosis congénita puede causar enfermedades neurológicas u oculares graves. La infección primaria por T. gondii durante el embarazo puede tener consecuencias peligrosas, como retinocoroiditis, hidrocefalia, calcificaciones cerebrales, encefalitis, esplenomegalia, pérdida de audición, ceguera y muerte. La atención prenatal debe incluir educación sobre la prevención de la toxoplasmosis. Se trata de un estudio observacional, analítico y transversal. Se evaluaron 209 mujeres gestantes e igual número de recién nacidos; 136 de las mujeres embarazadas resultaron con infección aguda positiva a IgM. De estas, 51,20% y 64,71% resultaron primoinfectadas según la determinación de IgA e IgG avidez, respectivamente. 20 de los 35 neonatos provenientes de madres primoinfectadas, adquirieron la infección congénita en el etercer trimestre de la gestación. La conciencia sobre la prevención y el control de la toxoplasmosis es baja entre las poblaciones de alto riesgo. Es necesario fortalecer la educación en salud relacionada con la prevención y el control de la toxoplasmosis en las mujeres en edad reproductiva para prevenir la transmisión vertical a sus productos de gestación y evitar los efectos negativos y hasta mortales de la inefcción por el parásito.
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